桃花源里可耕田?--从一个瑶寨看扶贫与发展

贫困一直以来被认为是经济问题,许多扶贫措施也主要是采用经济手段来试图解决这一问题.文章通过对一个背陇瑶村落50多年的社会变迁进行考察,认为生态环境的恶化是村民家庭贫困的重要原因,城乡二元结构制度也一定程度上阻碍了该村经济与社会的发展,但作者更倾向于认为贫困是一种文化秩序的结果.扶贫工作在改善贫困人口的物质生活条件的同时,也把扶贫者的思想观念灌输给贫困者,由此而产生的后果之一就是富人或者强权者的财富观强化了贫困人口的贫困感,双方以一种合谋的方式制造了一套关于贫困的文化秩序.     

Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child‐Care Assistance Policies

Given the fragmented structure of child‐care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child‐care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child‐care assistance. Considering all forms of assistance, the distribution of child‐care help is targeted in both expected and some unexpected ways. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of U.S. child‐care policies governing access and benefit levels.     

Poor Mothers and Habits of Hiding: Participatory Methods in Poverty Research

Poor mothers have long‐standing habits of hiding their lives in response to punitive authorities and stigma. We identify practices of hiding daily life, and we describe participatory research approaches for and ethical concerns in learning more about poor women's critical insights and survival strategies.     

贫困测度指标及其评价

一、引言一般来说,研究贫困问题主要涉及三个方面:一是贫困的识别;二是贫困程度测定;三是反贫困效果判定以及相应的战略选择。贫困识别问题主要指贫困的基本范畴及贫困线的合理确定,关系到贫困集合的准确界定;贫困程度的测定主要指贫困指数的定义和计算,关系到贫困程度大小的判     

The Ecology of Family Guidance in Low-Income Mexican-American and European-American Families*

This two-part study applied an ecocultural perspective to socialization of daily and long-term goals in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families with children in third, fifth, and seventh grades. The first part of the study examined family members' participation and parents' socialization goals and guidance strategies for their children's daily household chores and homework activities. The second part of the study examined parents' long-term aspirations and guidance strategies for their children's educational, vocational, and moral development. For daily activities, results showed that in Mexican-American families both parents and siblings played important roles, whereas in European-American families parents were the primary socialization agents. As predicted, in both groups parents' expertise influenced their guidance strategies. Finally, Mexican-American and European-American parents differed in their relative endorsement of gender, relational, and self-reliance goals for household chores. For long-term goals, parents in both groups held high educational, vocational, and moral aspirations for their children. However, some parents of seventh-graders had lower educational and vocational aspirations than those of fifth- and third-graders. Although expertise consistently influenced Mexican-American parents' guidance strategies, the pattern for European-American parents was mixed. The discussion highlights between- and within-group differences in daily and long-term socialization practices with an emphasis on resources and vulnerabilities in the families.     

考虑双重异质性的碳配额分配及交易机制研究

构建包含政府-企业-消费者三方的碳配额分配及交易减排供应链,其中消费者基于自身低碳偏好进行产品选购,政府基于行业社会福利最优进行企业配额分配和碳指导价设定,企业基于利润最优进行生产和销售。通过建立混合博弈模型,对比分析了考虑企业和消费者双重异质性的配额分配及交易机制对政府、企业最优决策行为的影响。研究结果表明：该减排机制能在保持社会福利最优的基础上更好地提升消费者和企业的参与积极性,实现对异质企业的双向和持续性减排激励。消费者低碳偏好和单位碳排差异度是影响减排机制实施方案和实施绩效的关键因素,其中,消费者低碳偏好决定了行业最优碳价和配额分配规则,且在主动和被动两个层面影响企业决策和产品价格;单位碳排差异度是影响企业利润、消费者主动支付倾向和减排绩效的重要因素,严格的差异度划分有利于形成正向激励;差异化的配额率易于形成减排激励,其与自主配额率间的差异是造成碳价波动的原因之一;研究也表明,过低的单位碳排差异度不适合进行企业异质性划分,在减排机制设计中应弱化“碳收益激励”目的。     

基于碳标签制度的两级供应链协调机制研究

以市场需求随机的视角建立Stackelberg博弈模型,研究基于碳标签制度的供应商和零售商组成的两级供应链协调策略。模型引入产品碳足迹e₁作为决策变量,分别研究了在收益共享与成本共担契约下集中决策和分散决策中决策变量最优解及最优利润的变化情况。研究结果表明,在考虑碳排因素时集中决策相比于分散决策具有明显的优势;在参数满足一定条件下零售商通过与供应商共担碳减排成本,可以实现利润的增长,初步验证模型的契约设计的有效性。     

不同减排合同下企业间纵向持股对供应链决策的影响

本文针对节能服务公司融资难、回款难及其与用户之间缺乏信任等现象,结合实际中节能服务公司与制造企业采取的不同减排合同机制,分别构建了减排效益分享型合同和减排量保证型合同下企业间纵向持股的三级低碳供应链模型,并对比分析了不同减排合同下持股策略对供应链企业决策及利润的影响。通过模型分析并结合案例及数值算例发现,在减排效益分享型合同中,当制造商单独持股节能服务公司时,增加持股比例会使产品减排量和链条上其他成员利润增加,同时低碳产品市场价格增加;当零售商和制造商同时持股节能服务公司时,两公司增加持股比例同样会使企业决策和利润得到优化,实现真正意义上的供应链企业大联盟,但该种情形会加大持股比例与企业决策和利润的协调难度。此外,在减排效益分享型合同下,制造商对节能服务公司持股可使环保红利和企业效益均得到增加,建议此种减排模式下的供应链企业实施持股策略;但对于减排量保证型合同,持股策略对各企业决策及利润并无明显改善,因此该种减排合同下不建议企业间采取股权合作策略。     

扶贫典型人物事迹电影改编策略探析 ——以黄诗燕为例

国家精准扶贫战略实施过程中涌现了一大批扶贫攻坚的模范人物,黄诗燕就是其中的典型和代表,将其优秀事迹改编成主旋律电影,既能凸显典型人物的榜样作用,又能向世界展现脱贫攻坚的中国经验。黄诗燕事迹的电影改编,其主题表达,要以讲好中国故事为核心,在展示其感人的扶贫事迹同时,向世界传播中国扶贫经验;其人物塑造,要以还原真实、塑造典型为原则,彰显黄诗燕的榜样形象;其剧情设置,应突破传统主旋律电影模式化的叙事手段,以点带面,虚实共构;其影像画面,应利用现实主义手法,通过在地性的空间变化和符号化的典型意象,向世界输出中国影像。如此,电影改编才能产生其应有的社会价值和观影效果。     

企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响

2020年,我国脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利,总结资本市场助力脱贫攻坚的经验,对推动新发展阶段中国经济的高质量发展有着重要的现实意义。以2016-2019年期间沪深两市A股上市公司中参与精准扶贫的企业为样本,探讨企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响,结果发现：企业参与精准扶贫显著提高了审计质量,企业参与精准扶贫与审计质量之间的正向关系在高媒体关注度企业和非国有企业中更显著。为了巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴工作,政府要高度重视企业的力量,新闻媒体要加强对企业参与精准扶贫的报道与监督,企业要积极承担社会责任,三者共同发力于中华民族伟大复兴战略全局。